Psychopathy: A review about its definition and conceptual evolution in the history of psychiatry
Abstract
In this paper, the evolution of the term psychopathy and its different conceptualizations throughout different stages in the history of contemporary psychiatry is reviewed. It begins with the first clinical descriptions made by the alienists, to continue with the contributions of classical psychiatry of the early nineteenth century. The contributions made by the psychoanalytic tradition and its attempts to deepen the deeper understanding of the intrapsychic functioning of the disorder are also reviewed. In contrast, we also reviewed the most current descriptions contained in the DSM and ICD manuals, which in an attempt to define more objective diagnostic criteria appear to have fallen into a kind of criminalization of the disorder.Keywords:
psichopathy, history of psychiatry, psychoanalytic, intrapsychic functioning, DSM criteriaReferences
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35. Thompson D.F., Ramos C.L., Willet J.K. “Psychopathy: clinical features, developmental basis and therapeutic challenges”. J Clin Pharm Ther 39(5): 485–495, 2014.
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37. Yildirim, B.O., Derksen, J.J.L. “Clarifying the heterogeneity in psychopathic samples: Towards a new continuum of primary and secondary psychopathy”. Aggress Violent Behav 24:9-41 2015.
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 2a. ed. Washington: APA, 1968.
3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3a.ed. Washington: APA, 1980.
4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4ª ed. text rev. Arlington: APA, 2000
5. American Psychiatric Association. Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales, DSM 5. Buenos Aires: Editorial Médica Panamericana, 2014.
6. Berrios, G. Historia de los síntomas de los trastornos mentales. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2008.
7. Birnbaum, K. “The Social Significance of the Psychopathic”. Ann Am Acad Polit Soc Sci 149(3): 70–79. 1930
8. Blain, D. “Dedication of a plaque at the grave of Benjamin Rush: The story in chronological order”. Am. J. Psychiat. 122: (6)704–706, 1965
9. Blain D., Barton M., Musto D.F. The History of American Psychiatry: a Teaching and Research Guide, American Psychiatry Association. 1979. APA Document 197901.
10. Buzina, N. “Psychopathy-Historical controversies and new diagnostic approach”. Psychiat Danub 24(2): 134–142, 2012.
11. Cleckley HM. The mask of sanity: an attempt to clarify some issues about the so-called psychopathic personality. 1ª ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1941.
12. Dinitz S. “The antisocial personality”. En: Curran W.J., McGarry A.L., Shah S.A. (eds.): Forensic psychiatry and psychology. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 1986, pp. 391-408.
13. Gaupp, R. J. L. A. Kochs psychiatrische Lehren En: ihrer Bedeutung für die Entwicklung der klinischen Psychiatrie. In Festschrift Hundertjahrfeier Württ. Heilanst. Zwiefalten. Stuttgart: Greiner & Pfeiffer, 1912.
14. Gutmann, P. “Julius Ludwig August Koch (1841—1908): Christian, philosopher and psychiatrist”. Hist Psychiatry 19(2): 202–214, 2008.
15. Freud, S. “Algunos tipos de carácter dilucidados por el trabajo psicoanalítico”, Tomo XIV, Obras completas. Buenos Aires: Amorrortu Editores, 1989.
16. Hare, R.D. The Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised. 2a.3e. Toronto: Multihealth Systems, 2003.
17. Hare, R. D. Neumann, C. S. “Psychopathy as a Clinical and Empirical Construct”. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 4: 217–46, 2008.
18. Hare, R. D. Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. New York: Pocket Books, 1993.
19. Horley J. “The emergence and development of psychopathy”. Hist Hum Sci 27(5): 91–110, 2014.
20. Koch J. L. A. Die psychopathischen Minderwertigkeiten, (1891-93) 3 vols. Ravensburg: Maier.
21. Kernberg, O.F. La agresión en las perversiones y en los desórdenes de la personalidad. Buenos Aires: Ed. Paidos, 1994.
22. Kernberg, O.F. Agresividad, Narcisismo y autodestrucción en la relación psicoterapéutica. México D.F: Ed. El manual moderno. 2005.
23. Kernberg, O.F. Trastornos graves de personalidad: estrategias psicoterapeúticas. México D. F: Ed El manual moderno, 1987.
24. Klein, M. Sobre la criminalidad, Tomo 1, Obras Completas. Buenos Aires: Ed. Paidos 1934.
25. Kraepelin E. Psychiatrie Ein Lehrbuch. 7ª ed. Leipzig: Barth, 1903.
26. Kushner H.I. “Cesare Lombroso and the pathology of left-handedness”. Lancet 8; 377(9760):118-9, 2011.
27. León, M. “Por una ‘necesidad de preservación social’: Cesare Lombroso y la construcción de un ‘Homo criminalis’ en Chile (1880-1920)”. Cuadernos de Historia, 40: 3159, 2014.
28. López M.C., Robles S.J. “Aproximación histórica al concepto de psicopatía”. Psicopatol Clín Legal Forens. 5:137-168, 2005.
29. Millon T. Trastornos de la Personalidad: Más allá del DSM-IV. Barcelona: Masson, 1998.
30. Parellada R. M., Moreno P. D., Arango L.C. “Trastorno antisocial de la personalidad”. En: Trastonos de Personalidad. M. Roca Bennasar coordinador. Barcelona: Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría, 2010.
31. Pozueco Romero J.M. Psicópatas integrados: Perfil psicológico y personalidad. Madrid: EOS Colección de Psicología Jurídica, 2010.
32. Prichard J.C. A treatise on insanity and other disorders affecting the mind. London: Sherwood, Gilpert & Piper; 1835.
33. Rush, Benjamin. Medical Inquiries And Observations Upon The Diseases Of The Mind. Kessinger Publishing, 2006 reprint
34. Schneider, K. Las Personalidades Psicopáticas. Madrid: Ediciones Morata,1968.
35. Thompson D.F., Ramos C.L., Willet J.K. “Psychopathy: clinical features, developmental basis and therapeutic challenges”. J Clin Pharm Ther 39(5): 485–495, 2014.
36. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. 10th rev. edn. Geneva: WHO, 1990.
37. Yildirim, B.O., Derksen, J.J.L. “Clarifying the heterogeneity in psychopathic samples: Towards a new continuum of primary and secondary psychopathy”. Aggress Violent Behav 24:9-41 2015.
